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Vermont Timeline of State History
Chronological History of Vermont
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- 1.3 billion years ago the Adirondack mountain range was formed.
- 450 million years ago the Iapetus Ocean was a shallow tropical sea.
- 440-350 million years ago the Green mountains were formed when the North American and European continents collided. Between the Adirondacks and the Green Mountains the Champlain Valley was formed.
- 5 million years ago huge glacial ice sheets carved the soft sedimentary rock in the Champlain valley. Some of these ice sheets were more than one mile thick.
- 21,000 years ago Glaciers started melting northward toward New England
- 14,000-15,000 years ago Lake Vermont was formed as the glaciers melted and then blocked the outflow of water.
- 13,000 years ago the Champlain Sea replaced Lake Vermont when ocean water from the north flooded the basin.
- 11,000 years ago Lake Champlain was formed. The earth's crust rebounded from the weight of the glacier and the Champlain Valley was cut off from the sea. Over time the seawater was replaced by fresh water from local rivers and streams.
- 8500 - 7000 B.C. - Glacial activity creates Champlain Sea; Paleo-Indians explore and hunt in Vermont
- 7000 - 1000 B.C. - Archaic Period; Native Americans move seasonally around Vermont to live, hunt, gather, and fish
- 1000 B.C. - 1600 A.D. - Woodland Period; Native Americans establish villages and develop trade networks, and ceramic and bow and arrow technology
16th century
- 1535 - French explorer Jacques Cartier is first European to see what is now Vermont
17th century
- 1609 - Samuel de Champlain discovers Lake Champlain
- 1666 - Fort Ste. Anne constructed on Isle LaMotte, site of first white settlement and first Catholic Mass
- 1690 - Small British fort built at Chimney Point
18th century
- 1724 - British build Fort Dummer at Dummerston
- 1731 - French build fort and begin settlement, under Seigneur Gilles Hocquart, at Chimney Point
- 1749 - Gov. Benning Wentworth makes first New Hampshire grant-for town of Bennington
- 1759 - French abandon settlement at Chimney Point
- 1760 - Crown Point Military Road, from Springfield, VT to Chimney Point, VT, completed east-west across Vermont
- 1761 - Gov. Wentworth resumes New Hampshire Grants
- 1770 - Green Mountain Boys organized to protect New Hampshire Grants
- 1774 - The Scottish-American Land Company brings Scottish settlers to Ryegate & Barnet
- 1775 - Ethan Allen captures Fort Ticonderoga
- 1776 - Construction of American fort, Mount Independence in Orwell
- 1777 -
- Vermont declares itself a republic in Windsor—adopts 1st constitution with universal male suffrage, public schools, abolishing slavery
- Battles of Hubbardton & Bennington
- 1779 -
- Bayley-Hazen Military Road blazed from Peacham to Lowell
- VT establishes property rights for women
- 1780 - Last major Indian raid, led by the British, in Royalton
- 1783 - Hyde Log Cabin constructed in Grand Isle
- 1785 -
- Eureka Schoolhouse constructed in Springfield
- First marble quarry opened in Dorset;
- 1786 - The Vermont Legislature passes “An Act to Prevent the Sale and Transportation of Negroes and Malattoes Out of This State.”
- 1787 - Castleton, Vermont's first college, established and chartered by the VT General Assembly;
- 1791 -
- Vermont becomes 14th state; University of Vermont chartered
- Thomas Jefferson and James Madison visit Vermont
- 85,341 people in Vermont
19th century
- 1801 -
- Brigham Young born in Whitingham, later led the Mormons from Illinois to Utah & founded Salt Lake City
- George Perkins Marsh, America's first conservationist, born in Woodstock
- 1805 -
- Montpelier chosen as capital
- Joseph Smith, founder of the Mormon Church, born in Royalton
- 1810 -
- Justin Smith Morrill of Strafford born
- 217,895 people in Vermont
- 1819 - Vermont Colonization Society formed
- 1820 - Every Vermont Congressman (except one whose vote was not recorded) voted against the proslavery amendments in the bill. The state legislature passed the following resolution:
“Slavery is incompatible with the vital principles of all free governments and tends to their ruin. It paralyzes industry, the greatest source of national wealth, stifles the love of freedom, and endangers the safety of the nation. It is prohibited by the laws of nature which are equally binding on governments and individuals. The right to introduce and establish slavery in a free government does not exist.”
- 1823 - Alexander Twilight first African American to earn college degree in US at Middlebury
- 1826 -
- Martin Henry Freeman, born in Rutland, becomes, in 1856, first black college president in the U.S.
- Horace Greeley of West Haven begins first newspaper apprenticeship at Northern Spectator in Poultney
- 1829 - Chester Alan Arthur born in Fairfield
- 1834 - Vermont Anti-Slavery Society formed
- 1835 - Abolitionist Samuel J. May mobbed while lecturing in Montpelier
- 1837 -
- John Deere patents steel plow
- Thomas Davenport patents first electric motor
- 1840 - The Liberty Party is formed in Vermont
- 1850 -
- No Vermont Congressman voted for the Compromise of 1850
- The Vermont Legislature passed an act to impede the carrying out of the Fugitive Slave Act
- The Vermont Legislature sends protests to other state legislatures. Virginia responded:
“The legislature of Virginia declines to consider the resolutions of the state of Vermont, relative to the peace of the world until that body shall show itself careful of the peace of the Union by conforming to the enactments of the Constitution of the United States and laws passed
- 1855 -
- First Republican governor elected
- Republicans control that office until 1962
- 1859 -
- John Dewey, philosopher and pioneer in modern education born in Burlington
- Present State House constructed
- 1864 -
- St. Albans Raid, northern most Civil War 1865
- State Agricultural College set up at the University of Vermont as a Land Grant College
- 1872 - Calvin Coolidge born on the Fourth of July in Plymouth Notch
- 1881 - Chester A. Arthur of Fairfield becomes U.S. President
- 1891 - Bennington Battle Monument completed in Old Bennington
20th century
- 1900 - 343,641 people in Vermont
- 1918 - Women vote in town elections
- 1919 - Poet Robert Frost moves to Vermont
- 1920 -
- Vermont Cooperative Creameries, Inc.organized
- 352,428 people in Vermont
- 1921 - Women's Suffrage adopted
- 1922 - Grandstand constructed at UVM's ballpark, Centennial Field (one of the oldest still in use)
- 1923 -
- Calvin Coolidge of Plymouth becomes U.S. President
- Gasoline tax adopted
- Airplanes regulated
- 1930 -
- Cattle in state outnumber people
- 359,611 people in Vermont
- 1950 -
- Marlboro Music Festival established
- 377,747 people in Vermont
- Pearl Buck moves to Winhall, VT
- 1953 - S.S. Ticonderoga makes last steamboat trip on Lake Champlain
- 1954 - Consuelo Northrup Bailey elected first woman lieutenant governor in U.S.
- 1962 - First Democratic governor in over 100 years elected
- 1964 - Victory, Granby, & Jamaica last towns in VT to receive electricity
- 1967 - Public broadcasting established (television)
- 1968 - Billboards banned
- 1977 - Public broadcasting established (radio
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21th century
- 2000 - 608,827 people in Vermont
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