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Washington Timeline of State History
Chronological History of Washington
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- 40-17 million years ago - The Cascade Mountains are formed. The Olympic Mountains appear as islands in the Pacific.
- 17-6 million years ago - Floods of lava cover the Columbia Basin and destroy the Columbia River waterway.
- 6 million - 10,000 years ago - Washington's Ice Age. Volcanos form in the Cascades and huge glaciers cover the mountains and Puget Sound. Floods shape the southern part of the state.
- 11,000 BP - People of the Clovis Culture inhabit the Northwest.
- 6,700 BP - Mount Mazama erupts.
16th century
- 1543 - Pacific Northwest claimed by Spain
- 1592 - Discovery of Strait of Juan de Fuca claimed by Juan de Fuca
- 1579 - The Washington coast sighted by Sir Francis Drake and claimed for England
18th century
- 1741-43 - Russian explorers reach Alaskan islands and coast and trade with native peoples for sea otter pelts.
- 1774 - Juan Perez commands the first Spanish expedition to explore the Northwest Coast and sights the Olympic Mountains.
- 1775 - Bruno de Hezeta lands on the Washington coast and claims the area for Spain. On his return south, he sees the mouth of the Columbia River.
- 1778 - James Cook (British) explores and charts the Northwest Coast.
- 1789 - George Washington is elected the first president of the United States.
- 1792
- Robert Gray (American) names the Columbia River after his ship.
- George Vancouver (British) explores and names Puget Sound and Lieutenant William Broughton explores the Columbia River up to Point Vancouver.
- Spain establishes the first non-Indian settlement in Washington at Neah Bay.
19th century
- 1803-1806: Captains William Clark and Meriwether Lewis lead the Corps of Discovery's Transcontinental Expedition of the lands west of the Missouri River.
- 1805-1806 - Lewis and Clark enter Washington and stay at Fort Clatsop on the south side of the mouth of the Columbia River.
- 1807-1811 - David Thompson charts the Columbia River.
- 1811 -
- John Jacob Astor builds Fort Astoria at the mouth of the Columbia River as part of his Pacific Fur Company
- David Thompson maps the Columbia from its headwaters.
- 1818 - United States and Great Britain agree to joint occupation of the Oregon Territory.
- 1823 - Monroe Doctrine warns other countries against attempting occupation in U.S. claimed lands.
- 1824 - Bureau of Indian Affairs is set up in the War Department. Russia sets its southern boundary in the Pacific Northwest at 54 degrees, 40 minutes.
- 1825 - Hudson's Bay Company establishes forts Vancouver and Colvile on the Columbia.
- 1831 - Department of Indian Affairs is set up in the Department of the Interior. New duties include dealing with Native American nations in the West.
- 1834 - The Whitman Party, including Dr. Marcus Whitman and his wife Narcissa and also Reverend H. H. Spalding and his wife Eliza set up mission at the junction of the Columbia and Snake Rivers. Their travel route would become known as the Oregon Trail and used by thousands of future settlers.
- 1839 - Fr. Pierre-Jean DeSmet arrives among the Flatheads in the Bitterroot Valley. He and his staff would set up a number of Jesuit missions in present day states of Washington and Idaho.
- 1841 -
- United States naval expedition, headed by Charles Wilkes, explores Washington.
- The Western Emigration Society, a group of settlers bound for California and the Oregon Territory led by John Bidwell, set off on the Oregon Trail.
- 1842 - John C. Fremont leads an Army Topographical Corps' Expedition to the Rocky Mountains. He witnesses an eruption of Mt. St. Helens. His maps of this expedition and one the following year are printed by the government and are widely used by pioneers heading west.
- 1843 -The Great Migration, a rush of approximately 1,000 pioneers, head out on the Oregon Trail, led by Dr. Marcus Whitman.
- 1844 - James K. Polk becomes President of the United States. Among his four goals is the designation of the Oregon Territory's northern border to extend to 54' 40", even if through an act of war.
- 1846 - Treaty between United States and Great Britain sets boundary at 49th parallel.
- 1847 - Cayuse Indians attack Whitman Mission in Walla Walla.
- 1848 - Oregon Territory created.
- 1851 - First settlers land on the site of Seattle.
- 1853 -
- Washington Territory created.
- Farmers living north of the Columbia River successfully argue for Congress to declare the region Washington Territory. It encompasses land east to the Rocky Mountains that are today Idaho and part of Montana.
- 1854-1856 - A number of treaties are signed between Native Americans living in Washington Territory and the U. S. government.
- 1855-58 - Yakima Indian War
- 1855 - Walla Walla Treaty Council.
- 1858 -The first Northwest railroad, the Cascade Railroad Company, begins operation in the Columbia River Gorge. The Walla Walla and Columbia River Railroad became the second Northwest railroad in 1873, and a large number of local railroads subsequently spring up in the 1880s
- 1859 - Oregon joins the Union as a Free State.
- 1860s - Gold and silver discovered in the Okanogan.
- 1861 - The battle at Fort Sumter marks the beginning of the Civil War.
- 1862 - Congress passes the Pacific Railroad Act, giving Central Pacific and Union Pacific Companies permission and land grants to begin construction of a transcontinental railroad line stretching along the 42nd parallel.
- 1863 - Idaho Territory is formed.
- 1864 - Montana Territory is formed.
- 1865 - Civil War ends. Union Pacific Railroad heads west.
- 1871 - Indian Appropriations Act states that Indians are no longer considered sovereign nations but wards of the federal government.
- 1872 -
- The American-British border dispute in the San Juan islands is settled via arbitration by the German emperor, Kaiser Wilhelm.
- President Grant establishes the Colville Confederated Tribes through an Executive Order, not a treaty. The reservation lands are reduced later that year following complaints of Colville Valley settlers
- 1883 - Northern Pacific Railroad completed to Tacoma, linking Washington to the East.
- 1886 - Coal mining town of Roslyn founded; Mine operated by the Northern Pacific Coal Company.
- 1887 - Dawes Severalty Act is passed. Indian lands are split into individual allotments, with remaining lands becoming public and therefore up for sale. Colville Reservation begins allotment process in 1906.
- 1888 - Stampede Tunnel of the Northern Pacific Railroad completed across the Cascades.
- 1889 - Washington becomes the 42nd state.
- 1890 - Idaho granted statehood
- 1893 - Great Northern Railroad completed to Seattle.
- 1897-99 - Klondike Gold Rush; Seattle grows quickly as a jump-off point for people heading to the gold fields.
- 1899 - Mount Rainier National Park established.
20th century
- 1900 - Frederick Weyerhaeuser sets up a logging business in western Washington.
- 1902 - Reclamation Service begins irrigation project in Yakima and Okanogan valleys to facilitate farming.
- 1903 - Iron Chink fish cleaning machine invented by Seattleite Edmund A. Smith.
- 1905 -
- Under the Dawes Act, tribal lands on the south half of the Colville.Reservation not then allotted are declared up for sale to white settlers.
- The Washington State Highway Department is formed, to oversee the construction and maintenance of roads and highways.
- 1909 - Alaska-Yukon-Pacific Exposition held in Seattle to showcase the Northwest's setting and bounty of natural resources
Mount Olympus National Monument established.
- 1910 - Women gain the right to vote in Washington.
- 1914 - Finnish immigrant Oscar Wirkkala invents the "spar logging" technique.
- 1914-1918 - World War I.
- 1917 -
- Spruce Army originated.
Fort Lewis (United States Army) established.
- 1919 - Seattle general strike; labor violence in Centralia.
- 1928 - Washington courts rule that Workers Party candidates may appear on ballot
- 1929 - U.S. stock market crashes.
- 1931 - Hoovervilles appear in many cities, glaring evidence of high unemployment rates.
- 1932 - March of unemployment groups on Olympia ends in scuffles between rival organizations
- 1933 -
- Washington state unemployment peaks at more than 25 percent
- President Franklin D. Roosevelt begins New Deal programs; Grand Coulee Dam begun.
- 1934 - Indian Reorganization Act sets up Tribal Business Councils and promotes the return of communal ownership of reservation lands, in order to create self-sufficiency.
- 1937 - Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River completed.
- 1941 -
- Grand Coulee Dam completed
- United States enters World War II
- December: Pearl Harbor, Hawaii bombed by Japan.
- 1943 - Hanford Engineer Works built to produce plutonium for the WWII bomb "Little Boy".
- 1939-45 - World War II August: U.S. bombs Hiroshima and Nagasaki to help end WWII.
- 1948 - Washington's first TV station (KING-TV) begins broadcasting in Seattle.
- 1954 - First flight of Boeing 707, first jet transport.
- 1957 - Washington Public Power Supply System (WPSS) created to develop Washington's energy resources.
- 1962 - Seattle World's Fair.
- 1975 - Microsoft founded, major producer of computer software.
- 1976 - Dixy Lee Ray, first woman governor of Washington elected.
- 1980 - Mount St. Helens erupted, scattering ash throughout the state.
- 1987 - Clovis Points discovered in an East Wenatchee orchard.
- 1989 - Washington's centennial of statehood.
- 1996 - The new Washington State History Museum opened.
21th century
- 2001 - Seattle Communist Party office closed
Source: as excerpted from the WSHM Field Guide to the Hall of Washington History, a publication of the Washington State Historical Society
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